Shor’s algorithm is a quantum algorithm that finds the prime factors of large numbers - the backbone of much of today’s cryptography - exponentially faster than the best known classical algorithms. It also efficiently computes discrete logarithms, which is relevant to the security of many cryptocurrencies’ signature schemes. Its power comes from leveraging the unique properties of quantum computers.
Key Takeaways
- Shor’s algorithm breaks many classical public-key cryptosystems in theory.
- It is a main motivation for research in post-quantum cryptography.
- It is only practical on cryptographically relevant quantum hardware, not on current machines.
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